%0 Journal Article %T 卢卡奇物化学说与马克思异化学说的比较研究
A Comparative Study of Lukacs’ Materialization Theory and Marx’s Alienation Theory %A 朱文馨 %J Advances in Philosophy %P 19-25 %@ 2169-2602 %D 2025 %I Hans Publishing %R 10.12677/acpp.2025.144125 %X 马克思将“异化”理论扎根于对资本主义生产关系的批判中，直接揭示了劳动者在资本主义制度下的悲惨处境，构成了批判资本主义的核心武器；而卢卡奇在20世纪垄断资本主义危机与无产阶级革命低潮的背景下，在马克思商品拜物教理论的基础之上，综合了韦伯的思想，提出“物化”学说，将对资本主义的批判从生产领域拓展至日常生活，创造性地将马克思的商品拜物教批判拓展至社会政治、文化、意识领域。二者虽共处对资本主义的批判立场，且都受到黑格尔思想的影响。却在分析角度、理论背景以及具体内容上存在差异：异化理论侧重于从劳动过程本身出发，分析工人与劳动产品、劳动活动、类本质以及他人之间的异化关系。物化学说则侧重于从商品关系和资本主义合理化过程出发，分析物化如何渗透到社会生活的各个方面，包括经济、政治、文化等领域。本文通过比较两者异同，不仅有助于我们理解马克思主义思想的发展，还能为我们分析和解决当今社会问题提供重要的理论工具。在全球化、技术革命和消费主义盛行的今天，异化和物化现象以新的形式存在，深刻影响着个体的生活和社会关系。通过重新审视马克思和卢卡奇的理论学说，我们可以更好地理解这些问题的本质，并探索可能的解决路径。
Marx rooted the theory of “alienation” in the critique of capitalist production relations, directly revealing the tragic situation of laborers under the capitalist system and constituting the core weapon for criticizing capitalism. In contrast, in the context of the crisis of monopoly capitalism and the low tide of the proletarian revolution in the 20th century, Lukács, based on Marx’s theory of commodity fetishism and integrating Weber’s ideas, proposed the theory of “reification”, expanding the critique of capitalism from the production field to daily life and creatively extending Marx’s critique of commodity fetishism to the social, political, cultural, and ideological domains. Although both stand on the critical position towards capitalism and are influenced by Hegel’s thought, they differ in analytical perspectives, theoretical backgrounds, and specific contents: the theory of alienation focuses on analyzing the alienated relationships between workers and their products, labor activities, human essence, and others from the labor process itself. The theory of reification, on the other hand, starts from commodity relations and the rationalization process of capitalism, analyzing how reification permeates all aspects of social life, including the economic, political, and cultural fields. By comparing the similarities and differences between the two, this not only helps us understand the development of Marxist thought but also provides important theoretical tools for analyzing and solving current social problems. In today’s era of globalization, technological revolution, and the prevalence of consumerism, the phenomena of alienation and reification exist in new forms, profoundly influencing individual lives and social relations. By reexamining the theoretical doctrines of Marx and Lukács, we can better understand the essence of these issues and %K 异化， %K 物化， %K 马克思， %K 卢卡奇
Alienation %K Reification %K Marx %K Lukacs %U http://www.hanspub.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=110733