%0 Journal Article
%T Managing Heart Failure and Enhancing Quality of Life for Patients with Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction
%A Sherin Mathew
%A Terry Oroszi
%J World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases
%P 739-756
%@ 2164-5337
%D 2024
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/wjcd.2024.1412066
%X Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition characterized by the heart’s inability to pump blood effectively. Hypertension is a frequent contributing factor. The reduced cardiac output leads to fluid accumulation, causing respiratory distress and chest pain. Ejection fraction (EF), a measure of the left ventricle’s pumping capacity, is crucial in HF diagnosis. HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) is defined by an EF below 40%, often caused by coronary artery disease—approximately half of all HF patients present with HFrEF. The remaining cases encompass HF with mid-range EF (40% - 50%) or HF with preserved EF (HFpEF, EF ≥ 50%).
%K Heart Failure
%K Pathophysiology
%K Etiology
%K Reduced Ejection Fraction
%K Preserved Ejection Fraction
%K Revascularization
%K CABG
%K Ventricular Remodeling
%K Myocardial Viability
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=138400