%0 Journal Article
%T Charcoal Nanoparticles as a Delivery System for Doxorubicin and Sorafenib in Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
%A Aisha Elgurashi Abdulla
%A Toga Khalid Mohamed Gader
%A Marvit Osman Widdatallah Omer
%A Abdullah E. Gouda
%A Samah Mamdouh
%A Mohamed A. Shemis
%J Advances in Nanoparticles
%P 45-60
%@ 2169-0529
%D 2024
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/anp.2024.133004
%X <b>Background</b>: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Advanced HCC displays strong resistance to chemotherapy, and traditional chemotherapy drugs do not achieve satisfactory therapeutic efficacy. The delivery of therapeutic compounds to the target site is a major challenge in the treatment of many diseases. <b>Objective:</b> This study aims to evaluate activated charcoal nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for anticancer agents (Sorafenib and Doxorubicin) in Hepatocellular Cancer Stem Cells. <b>Method:</b> The percent efficiency of entrapment (% EE) of the doxorubicin and sorafenib entrapped onto the activated charcoal was obtained by determining the free doxorubicin and sorafenib concentration in the supernatant-prepared solutions. Then the characterizations of nanoparticles were formed by determination of the particle size distribution, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI). The anticancer activity of activated Charcoal, Doxorubicin-ACNP, sorafenib-ACNP, free doxorubicin, and free sorafenib solutions was measured based on cell viability percentage in HepG2 cell lines (ATCC-CCL 75). <i>In vitro</i> RBC&#8217;s toxicity of Doxorubicin/sorafenib loaded charcoal was estimated by hemolysis percentage. <b>Results:</b> The synthesized Doxorubicin-ACNP and Sorafenib-ACNP were evaluated and their physiochemical properties were also examined. Essentially, the percent Efficiency of Entrapment (EE %) was found to be 87.5% and 82.66% for Doxorubicin-ACNP and Sorafenib-ACNP, respectively. The loading capacity was 34.78% and 24.31% for Doxorubicin-ACNP and Sorafenib-ACNP. Using the Dynamic Light scattering [DLS] for the determination of the hydrodynamic size and surface zeta potential, a narrow sample size distribution was obtained of (18, 68, and 190 nm for charcoal, 105, 255, and 712 nm for doxorubicin, and 91, 295, and 955 nm for sorafenib), respectively. A surface charge of &#8722;13.2, &#8722;15.6 and &#8722;17 was obtained for charcoal, doxorubicin/charcoal, and sorafenib/charcoal nanoparticles. The cytotoxic activity of Doxorubicin-ACNP and Sorafenib-ACNP was evaluated <i>in-vitro</i> against HepG2 cell lines and it was observed that Drug loaded ACNP improved anticancer activity when compared to Doxorubicin or Sorafenib alone. Moreover, testing the toxicity potential of DOX-ACNP and Sorafenib-ACNP showed a significant reduction in the hemolysis of red blood cells when compared to Doxorubicin and Sorafenib alone. <b>Conclusion:</b> In conclusion,
%K Activated Charcoal Nanoparticles (ACNP)
%K Drug Delivery System
%K Sorafenib and Doxorubicin
%K Hepatocellular Cancer Stem Cells
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=134299