%0 Journal Article
%T 《民法典》自甘风险规则的适用研究——基于2022年105份裁判文书的实证分析<br>Study on the Application of the Self-Risk Rule in the <i>Civil Code</i>—Empirical Analysis Based on 105 Judgments in 2022
%A 王海云
%J Open Journal of Legal Science
%P 2175-2181
%@ 2329-7379
%D 2024
%I Hans Publishing
%R 10.12677/ojls.2024.124310
%X 自甘风险规则是民法典的新增内容，对在法治轨道上保障全民健身、促进竞技体育发展、解决文体活动中发生的纠纷具有重要意义。由于自甘风险规则中存在一些不确定的概念，法院在裁判时需要进行界定，通过对2022年的105份裁判文书进行实证分析，发现该规则在司法适用中存在一系列问题，如适用外延扩大、未成年人是否适用存在争议、“自愿”的判断存在分歧、行为人“故意或重大过失”的判断标准模糊、法官对自甘风险的法律效果存在误解等困境。为此，需要重新审视自甘风险的适用条件，采取限制自甘风险规则的适用范围、明确未成年人适用该规则的情形、统一“自愿”的判断标准、将“故意和重大过失”的判断标准类型化和法官摆脱传统的审判思路等措施促进自甘风险规则的规范适用。<br />
The self-risk rule is a new content of the Civil Code, which is of great significance for guaranteeing national fitness, promoting the development of competitive sports and resolving disputes in cultural and sports activities on the track of rule of law. Because there are some uncertain concepts in the self-risk rule, the court needs to define them in judgment. Through empirical analysis of 105 judgment documents in 2022, it is found that there are a series of problems in the judicial application of the rule. Such as the extension of the application, whether the application of minors is controversial, there are differences in the judgment of “voluntary”, the judgment standard of “intentional or gross negligence” of the actor is vague, and the judge has misunderstanding of the legal effect of self-risk. To this end, it is necessary to re-examine the application conditions of the self- willing risk rule, and adopt measures such as limiting the scope of application of the self-willing risk rule, clarifying the circumstances under which the rule is applied to minors, unifying the judgment standard of “voluntary”, classifying the judgment standard of “intentional and gross negligence” and getting rid of the traditional thinking of trial to promote the normative application of the self-willing risk rule.
%K 民法典，自甘风险，体育活动，司法适用<br>The Civil Code
%K Self-Risk
%K Physical Activity
%K Judicial Application
%U http://www.hanspub.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=84504