%0 Journal Article
%T New Data on Coal, Gypsum, Iron and Silica Sand Deposits and Geochemical Exploration (Pakistan): Revision of 25 Years History of Dinosaur Discoveries from Pakistan
%A Muhammad Sadiq Malkani
%J Open Journal of Geology
%P 431-511
%@ 2161-7589
%D 2024
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/ojg.2024.143020
%X Discoveries of many coal seams at depths by
drilling carried by Geological Survey of Pakistan in Sor Range and Harnai
Gochina, extended the coal seams at depth which is challenge for mine owners to
exploit feasibly<span><span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\">. Bed to bed gypsum samplings (and their chemical
analyses) of huge gypsum deposits from Sulaiman foldbelt is a base for
industrialist and also planers to develop cement and gypsum industries to
increase export and foreign exchange for the development of area and Pakistan.
Low and high grade sedimentary iron deposits, silica sand and uranium host
rocks and their extensions in Sulaiman and Kirthar foldbelts are presented.
Anomalies of a few base metals arise as a result of geochemical exploration
carried at part of Loralai District of Balochistan. Theropod dinosaurs were
frequent in India, while Poripuchian titanosaurs (Sauropoda, Dinosauria) were
frequent in Pakistan. Besides some ichnotaxa, many bone taxa such as 1
titanosauriform, 14 titanosaurian sauropod (including one new titanosaur), and
3 theropod dinosaurs are established from Pakistan. Among these 12 titanosaur
species and 3 theropod species are named in about 10 km<sup>2</sup> area of
Vitakri dome and 2 titanosaur species are named in about a few hundred square
meter area of Mari Bohri (Kachi Bohri) which is about 10</span></span></span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\"> </span></span></span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\">km westward from Vitakri dome. Pakistan is a unique
country which discoverd 14 diversified titanosaurs in a short area and also in
a short period (67</span></span></span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\"> </span></span></span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\"> </span></span></span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\">66 million years ago/Ma). About </span></span></span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\">400</span></span></span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\"> bones found from a few meter thick upper part of
upper shale horizon of latest Maastrichtian Vitakri Formation which is base for
titanosaur taxa. Cranial material is in low fraction (but include significant
diverse snouts), caudal vertebrae are prominent, the cervicals, dorsals and
sacrals have significant numbers, forelimb and hind limb bones have balanced
fraction. Humeri, femora and tibiae are most common. To know the position of
Pakistani titanosaurs among titanosaurs and
%K Coal
%K Gypsum
%K Ironstone
%K Silica sands
%K Geochemical Exploration
%K Dinosaurs
%K Titanosauriformes
%K Titanosaurs
%K Theropods
%K Revision
%K Balochistan
%K Pakistan
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=132195