%0 Journal Article
%T Effect of Specific Verbal Instructions on the Identification of Pain Location during a Passive Straight Leg Raise Test
%A Masae Ikeya
%A Takumi Jiroumaru
%A Hitomi Bunki
%A Noriyuki Kida
%A Teruo Nomura
%J Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation
%P 45-53
%@ 2332-1830
%D 2023
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/ojtr.2023.112004
%X Musculoskeletal pain is common. Because pain is
subjective, objectively describing it i</span><span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">s crucial. However, pain assessment may cause
distress in patients; </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">therefore, physical
therapists (PTs) should conduct these tests quickly and</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> accurately.
Simple and clear instructions are recommended for pain assessment. However, few
studies have provided evidence to support this hypothesis. Correspondingly,
this study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of specific verbal instructions
for pain location during five consecutive Passive Straight </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Leg Raise (PSLR) tests.</span></span></span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> </span></span></span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">The 28 asymptomatic participants (age 27.4 ¡À 9.6</span></span></span><span><span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> years) who provided informed consent received five consecutive PSLR
tests: three without and two with specific verbal instructions to ascertain
pain intensity, quality, and location. The participants drew pain locations on
a body chart and described the pain intensity and quality after each test. All
participants were interviewed regarding the differences they noted in the
presence and absence of specific verbal instructions. Each pain location was
classified into one of ten areas for statistical analysis. The proportion of
participants who changed the pain location was compared between the tests using
McNemar¡¯s test, and the kappa coefficient was confirmed for consistency of pain
location. </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">There was a significant difference
in the proportion of participants who</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> changed their pain location
between the second and third tests and from the third to the fourth test
(McNemar¡¯s test: p = 0.003). Kappa coefficients had low consistency (</span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">¦Ê</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> = 0.28) just after receiving the
specific verbal instructions </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">in the fourth
test compared to the third test. Consistency improved in the</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> fifth test
(</span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">¦Ê</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> =
%K Specific Verbal Instructions
%K Pain Location
%K Pain Assessment
%K Passive Straight Leg Raise Test
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=124819