%0 Journal Article
%T 论举证责任缓和在我国医疗损害诉讼中的构建<br>The Construction of Relieving the Burden of Proof in China’s Medical Damage Litigation
%A 周志全
%J Open Journal of Legal Science
%P 32-38
%@ 2329-7379
%D 2023
%I Hans Publishing
%R 10.12677/OJLS.2023.111005
%X 医疗损害诉讼的举证责任分配和证明标准是造成我国医患纠纷矛盾复杂的原因之一，科学合理地划分医疗损害举证责任是对《民法典》侵权责任编关于医疗损害责任进行区分的有效衔接。从立法和司法解释的颁布来看，我国医疗损害举证责任的分配经过了完全过错责任(一般举证责任)、举证责任倒置和过错推定三个阶段。但这些举证责任对某些医疗损害纠纷类型在诉讼中存在不适应性，不合理地加大了患者或医院一方的负担。《民法典》侵权责任编对医疗损害责任具体区分为不同的类型，加之理论和实践的成熟，构建举证责任缓和制度具备了可行性。举证责任缓和的适用以医疗技术损害和医疗产品损害两个类型为限，与司法解释的延续和鉴定意见、专家辅助人等制度的完善，方能共同构筑一个中国特色的举证责任缓和制度。<br />
The distribution of burden of proof and the standard of proof in medical damage litigation are one of the reasons for the complicated disputes between doctors and patients in China. Scientific and reasonable division of burden of proof for medical damage is an effective link to the division of medical damage liability in tort liability of Civil Code. Judging from the promulgation of legislation and judicial interpretation, the distribution of burden of proof for medical damage in China has gone through three stages: complete fault liability (general burden of proof), inversion of burden of proof and fault presumption. However, these burdens of proof are not suitable for some types of medical injury disputes in litigation, which unreasonably increases the burden of patients or hospitals. The Tort Liability of Civil Code specifically divides the medical damage liability into different types, and with the maturity of theory and practice, it is feasible to construct the burden of proof mitigation system. The application of burden of proof mitigation is limited to two types: medical technology damage and medical product damage. Only with the continuation of judicial interpretation, the perfection of expert assistance and other systems can we jointly build a burden of proof mitigation system with China characteristics.
%K 侵权责任，医疗损害，举证责任缓和<br>Tort Liability
%K Medical Damage
%K Alleviation of Burden of Proof
%U http://www.hanspub.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=60003