%0 Journal Article
%T 不同硒肥及施用方法对精米硒镉富集效率的影响<br>Effects of Different Selenium Fertilizers and Application Methods on Enrichment Efficiency of Selenium and Cadmium in Refined Rice
%A 邓建红
%A 龚建华
%A 康敏
%A 郑威
%A 黄石光
%A 刘宏辉
%A 向汉明
%J Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences
%P 1009-1017
%@ 2164-5523
%D 2022
%I Hans Publishing
%R 10.12677/HJAS.2022.1210139
%X <span style=\"font-size:14px;\">为筛选富硒效率高且降镉效果好的含硒叶面肥(简称硒肥，下同)，提高富硒稻米品质，本研究引进4种主推硒肥，采用3种施肥方法，进行两因素随机区组试验，并在3种镉污染农田验证富硒降镉效果。硒肥用量(以Se计) 1.5 g/667m2，测定精米镉、总硒、有机硒含量。结果表明：1) 不同硒肥的富硒效率有极显著差异(P ≤ 0.01，下同)，精米硒含量排序为A3 &gt; A1 &gt; A4 &gt; A2。其中：A3极显著高于A2、显著高于A4 (P ≤ 0.05，下同)，A1显著高于A2。说明不同硒肥因制作工艺及组分不同导致茎叶对硒的吸收、转化及转运存在明显差异。2) 不同硒肥的硒生物转化率存在一定的差异，但无统计学意义。A1、A3、A4的有机硒占比均超99%，A2为98.31%，最低的处理组合是A2B1 (97.75%)，大田生产验证结果与小区试验基本一致。3) 不同施肥方法的精米硒富集效果存在较大差异。与一次性施肥相比，A1、A3、A4分期施用(两次，下同)的精米硒富集效率均有不同程度的提高，其中：A1提高了43.5%，A3提高了20.03%，因此生产上A1、A3硒肥宜采用两次施肥方式；A4不同施肥方法的精米硒含量稳定，生产上可采用一次性施用。与不增施增效剂相比，A1施用增效剂的精米硒含量提高了22.87%，A3增幅较小(2.26%)，A2和A4则出现不同程度的降低。4) 不同施肥方法对硒生物转化率影响不大。与一次性施用相比，A1和A2分期施用的精米有机硒占比分别提高0.69%、1.33%，A3和A4则为负增长，增幅分别为？0.03%、？0.28%，说明A1、A2分期施用有利于提高精米硒品质。与不增施增效剂相比，A3配施增效剂的精米有机硒占比表现为正增长，其它3种硒肥则为负增长，说明硒增效剂对提高硒品质的作用因硒肥种类而异。5) 水稻施用硒肥具有一定的降镉作用，但不同硒肥的降镉效果因土壤镉水平而异。当土壤镉含量0.28 mg/kg时，A1、A4的精米镉含量较低；在镉轻度污染时(0.45 mg/kg)，A4的精米镉含量最低；在镉重度污染时(1.5 mg/kg)，A1的降镉效果最好。不同施肥方法对精米镉含量有一定的影响，与一次性施肥相比，分期施肥的精米镉含量平均降低5.47%，其中：A4降低了33.22%，降镉效果显著高于其它硒肥。不同硒肥与施用方法间存在显著交互作用，精米镉含量最低的处理组合是A4B2。</span><br />
<span style=\"font-size:14px;\">In order to screen selenium containing foliar fertilizer (hereinafter referred to as selenium fertilizer, the same below) with high selenium enrichment efficiency and good cadmium reduction effect, and improve the quality of selenium rich rice, this study introduced four main selenium fertilizers, adopted three fertilization methods, conducted two factor randomized block experiment, and verified the effect of selenium enrichment and cadmium reduction in three cadmium polluted farmland. The amount of selenium fertilizer (calculated by Se) is 1.5 g/667m<sup>2</sup>, and the contents of cadmium, total selenium and organic selenium in milled rice are determined. The results showed that: 1) The selenium enrichment efficiency of different selenium fertilizers had a significant difference (P ≤ 0.01, the same below). The selenium content of milled rice ranked A3 &gt; A1 &gt; A4 &gt; A2. Among them, A3 is extremely significantly higher than A2, significantly higher than A4 (P ≤ 0.05, the same below), and A1 is significantly higher than A2. The results showed that the absorption, transformation and transportation of selenium in the stems and leaves of different selenium fertilizers were significantly different due to different production processes and components. 2) There were some differences in selenium biotransformation rates among different selenium fertilizers, but there was no statistical significance. The proportion of organic selenium in A1, A3 and A4 exceeds 99%, while that in A2
%K 含硒叶面肥，富硒效率，有机硒占比，降镉效果<br>Foliar Fertilizer Containing Selenium
%K Selenium Enrichment Efficiency
%K Proportion of Organic Selenium
%K Cadmium Reduction Effect
%U http://www.hanspub.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=57004