%0 Journal Article
%T Exploration of Methane Mitigation Efficacy Using <i>Asparagopsis</i>-Derived Bioactives Stabilized in Edible Oil Compared to Freeze-Dried <i>Asparagopsis in Vitro</i>
%A Robert D. Kinley
%A Siong Tan
%A Jemima Turnbull
%A Shane Askew
%A Jessica Harris
%A Breanna M. Roque
%J American Journal of Plant Sciences
%P 1023-1041
%@ 2158-2750
%D 2022
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/ajps.2022.137068
%X <i><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\">Asparagopsis</span></i><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> oil
products are of interest due to the stabilizing effects of the <i>Aspa<span>ragopsis</span></i></span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\">-</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\">derived antimethanogenic bioactive compound brom</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\">oform
(CHBr<sub>3</sub>). The objective of this <i>in vitro</i> series is to
characterize antimethanoge<span>nic efficacy of
freeze-dried <i>Asparagopsis</i> (FD-Asp) and </span><i>Asparagopsis</i> oil
(Asp-Oil) and compare relative antimethanogenic response over time at multiple
levels of CHBr<sub>3</sub> delivery. Relative methane (CH<sub>4</sub>)
emissions (mL/g) are based on <i>in vitro</i> apparent feed digested dry matter
(IVDDM) after 24, 48, and 72 h of fermentation. CHBr<sub>3</sub> contained in
FD-Asp was included at 95, 191, and 286 mg/kg, and CHBr<sub>3</sub> contained
in Asp-Oil was included at 78, 117, a<span>nd 175
mg/kg, to produce the Low, Mid, and High inclusions, respectively. Low FD-Asp
had no significant impact on CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, Mid FD-Asp demonstrate</span>d
91%, 44%, and 37% reductions, and the High FD-Asp demonstrated complete
inhibition of CH<sub>4</sub>, after 24, 48, and 72 h of fermentation,
respectively. Comparatively, Low Asp-Oil demonstrated a 46%, 28%, and 18% CH<sub>4</sub> reduction, Mid Asp-Oil resulted in 99%, 92%, and 73% reductions, and the High
Asp-Oil demonstrated complete inhibition of CH<sub>4</sub> after 24, 48, and 7<span>2 h of fermentation, respectively. IVDDM and total
volatile fatty acid (tVFA) production were not changed by </span></span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\">the </span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\">inclusion of FD-Asp and Asp-</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\">Oil. The
results from this study show that <i>Asparagopsis</i> is not only a compelling
CH<sub>4</sub> mitiga<span>ting feed supplement
but is also able to be delivered in edible oil forms which will strengthen its
applicability to on-farm use. This study is promising for </span>the utility of
Asp-Oil, and <i>in vivo</i> trials are essential to demonstrate the extent of
efficacy of Asp-Oil in ruminant animals because FD-Asp has consistently
demonstrated greater antimethanogenic efficacy <i>in vivo</i> compared to <i>in
vitro</i>.
%K &lt
%K i&gt
%K Asparagopsis&lt
%K /i&gt
%K Edible Oil
%K Methane
%K Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
%K &lt
%K i&gt
%K In Vitro&lt
%K /i&gt
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=118706