%0 Journal Article
%T Improving Effect of Acetic Acid Bacteria (<i>Gluconacetobacter hansenii</i> GK-1) on sIgA and Physical Conditions in Healthy People: Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Study
%A Soyogu Yamashita
%A Mariko Oe
%A Mamoru Kimura
%A Yohei Okuyama
%A Satoshi Seino
%A Daichi Kajiyama
%A Ryosuke Matsuoka
%A Yasunobu Masuda
%A Keiichi Tsukinoki
%J Food and Nutrition Sciences
%P 541-557
%@ 2157-9458
%D 2022
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/fns.2022.136041
%X It is known that the consumption of bacteria such as
lactobacilli and bifidobacteria has beneficial effects on human immune
function. Most of them are Gram-positive bacteria, and there are few reports on
Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we evaluated the effects of intake of <i>Gluconacetobacter
hansenii</i> GK-1 (GK-1), Gram-negative acetic acid bacteria, for 12 weeks on
physical condition and immune indices. We conducted a randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in 100 healthy adults. The subjects <span>were randomized into the GK-1 and the placebo
groups. The di</span>ary-admini<span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\">stered physical condition survey was conducted
during the study period. The evaluation of salivary sIgA levels, NK-cell
activity, and serum IFN-<i>¦Ã</i> levels and
quality of life survey was conducted before, in 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after the
start of ingestion. Based on the physical condition survey, the cumulative
onset-days of symptoms were significantly suppressed in the GK-1 group compared
to the placebo group regarding the evaluation of 13 symptoms related to
immunity, every 3 weeks. Additionally, salivary sIgA levels per hour were
significantly increased in the GK-1 group compared with the placebo group at 6
and 12 weeks. Despite no significant differences in the NK-cell activity, serum
IFN-<i>¦Ã</i> levels or quality of life
survey between the groups. Serum IFN-<i>¦Ã</i> levels in the GK-1 group were significantly elevated at 12 weeks after the
start of ingestion compared with those before ingestion. In conclusion, intake
of GK-1 was shown to increase salivary sIgA levels and improve physical
condition. This suggested that oral intake of GK-1 may help maintain the immune
system.</span></span>
%K Acetic Acid Bacteria
%K Gram-Negative Bacteria
%K &lt
%K i&gt
%K Gluconacetobacter hansenii&lt
%K /i&gt
%K GK-1 (GK-1)
%K Functional Food
%K Immune
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=118174