%0 Journal Article
%T Effect of Irrigation System, Tillage System, and Seeding Rates on Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Growth, Grain Yield and Its Water Consumption and Efficiency
%A Alaa M. Akol
%A Nadine Nassif
%A Khudhair Abbas Jaddoa
%A Haider M. Zwain
%A Kareem Radhi
%A Nadhir Al-Ansari
%J Engineering
%P 574-594
%@ 1947-394X
%D 2021
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/eng.2021.1311042
%X <span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">A field trial was conducted at a private farm in AL-Hashimiya district Babylon
Governorate¡ªthe republic of Iraq during the 2016</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">-</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">2017
and 2017</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">-</span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">2018 growing seasons.</span><span style=\"color:red;\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">This study was
conducted using two irrigation methods, sprinkler and surface irrigation, for
each of them had three Tillage methods (zero-tillage</span></span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">,</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> medium-tillage</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">,</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> deep-tillage) and each tillage system had four seeding rate of wheat
yield (120</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">, </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">180</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">, </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">240</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">, </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">300) kg<span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">&amp;#8729;</span>ha</span><sup><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">-1</span></sup><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">.</span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Results indicated that the consumptive water use was 557.5 and</span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">535.9 mm
for surface irrigation and 460.9 and 442.6 mm for sprinkler irrigation in </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">the </span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">2016-2017 and 2017-2018 growing seasons. Sprinkler irrigation
significantly increased the flag leaf area with no significant effect on plant
height. However, the minimum tillage and seeding rate (240 kg<span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">&amp;#8729;</span>ha</span><sup><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">-1</span></sup></span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">) significantly increased the
plant height and flag leaf </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">area in both
growing seasons. For the grain yield, the sprinkler irrigation, m</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">inimum
tillage, and seeding rate (240 </span></span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">kg<span
%K Irrigation
%K Tillage system
%K Seeding rates
%K Wheat (&lt
%K i&gt
%K Triticum Aestivum&lt
%K /i&gt
%K L.)
%K Grain yield
%K Water Consumption
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=113470