%0 Journal Article
%T 我国自然分布的沙棘属植物资源<br>Natural Plant Resources of Genus Hippophae in China
%A 胡建忠
%J Botanical Research
%P 453-467
%@ 2168-5673
%D 2021
%I Hans Publishing
%R 10.12677/BR.2021.104060
%X 沙棘属植物共有6种17亚种，起源于青藏高原地区。我国青藏高原及周边半环状地带，除西藏外，自西北至西南依次还有新疆、青海、甘肃、四川和云南，这6个省(自治区)分布有沙棘属全部的6个种和14个亚种。中国沙棘自然分布范围最广，适应性强，从西南、西北直至华北都有分布，为各地生态建设的当家树种，同时果实和叶子开发利用很好。柳叶沙棘是培育高Vc、晚熟等优良品种的上好基础材料。云南沙棘黄酮含量很高，果实和叶的经济开发价值高。蒙古沙棘果和叶的总体开发价值也很大。中亚沙棘的果实含油率排在沙棘属各种或亚种的第三位，使得果实的开发前景看好，而叶的饲用开发也不错。江孜沙棘果实不仅是藏药的主要来源，而且其叶的饲用价值也很高。肋果沙棘是惟一没有果汁的一种沙棘属植物，果实形状和颜色奇特；西藏沙棘果实酸甜适中，油脂含量最高，这2个种都为开展沙棘种间杂交育种提供了优质的材料。<br />
There are 6 species and 17 sub-species plants in Genus Hippophae, originated from the Ti-bet-Qinghai Plateau. The plateau and the semi-circled neighboring areas, including Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan, beside Tibet, have all the species and sub-species except 4 sub-species distributed in other countries. H. r. ssp. sinensis has the vast distribution areas from the southwestern, to the northwestern, and the northern parts in China due to its strong adaptability, and is served as the first pioneering plant for eco-construction and development of fruits and leaves. H. salicifolia is a good basic material for breeding plus cultivars with high vitamin C content and late ripening. H. r. ssp. yunnanensis has a good potential to develop due to its high fruit content of flavonoid in the Genus. And so does H. r. ssp. mongolica, with the great values of fruits and leaves development. H. r. ssp. turkestanica, ranked in third place of its fruit oil contents, is useful for fruit development, and leaves development for fodder production. The fruits of H. gyantsensis are the material of Tibetan medicine, and the leaves are good fodder material. H. neurocarpa, the only juiceless plant in the Genus, with unique shape and color of fruit, and H. tibatana, with the maximum fruit oil content in the Genus and testable fruits, both supply the good materials for inter-specific crossing.
%K 沙棘属，形态特征，自然分布，群落，生化成分，开发利用建议<br>Genus Hippophae
%K Morphology
%K Natural Distribution
%K Community
%K Biochemical Components
%K Suggestion of Development and Utilization
%U http://www.hanspub.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=43802