%0 Journal Article
%T On Thunderstorm Microphysics under Urban Heat Island, Sea Breeze, and Cold Front Effects in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo, Brazil
%A Isidro Met¨®dio Tuleni Johanes Ihadua
%A Augusto Jos¨¦ Pereira Filho
%J Atmospheric and Climate Sciences
%P 614-643
%@ 2160-0422
%D 2021
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/acs.2021.113037
%X This work discusses issues related to the impact of urbanization on the
microphysical processes of precipitating systems associated with synoptic,
mesoscale, and local scale systems. Among the issues addressed is the impact of
urban heat <span><span><span style=\"font-family:;\" \"=\"\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">island (UHI) in S<span style=\"color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, \" font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;\"=\"\"><span style=\"color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, \" font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;\"=\"\"><span style=\"color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, \" font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;\"=\"\"><span style=\"color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, &quot;font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;\">&amp;#227;</span></span></span></span>o Paulo city center and urban
densification (UD) in the</span><span> </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Metropolitan
Area of S<span style=\"color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, \" font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;\"=\"\"><span style=\"color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, \" font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;\"=\"\"><span style=\"color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, \" font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;\"=\"\"><span style=\"color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, &quot;font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;\">&amp;#227;</span></span></span></span>o Paulo (MASP) on the microphysical, dynamic, and</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> thermodynamic properties and distribution of
precipitation and heavier rainfall from sea-breeze (SB) e cold-front (CF)
combined during their space-time evolutions. For this purpose, it used four
components: classification of hydrometeors with fuzzy logic, calculation of the
raindrop diameters, an estimate of liquid water mass and ice mass from
polarimetric-variables measured with dual-pola- rization X-band meteorological
radar. The results indicated that urban densification (UD) and heat island
(UHI) of the S<span style=\"color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, \" font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;\"=\"\"><span style=\"color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, \" font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;\"=\"\"><span style=\"color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, \" font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;\"=\"\"><span style=\"color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system,
%K Weather Radar
%K Fuzzy Logic
%K Sea Breeze
%K Urban Densification
%K Hail
%K Asymmetric Thunderstorm Configuration
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=110631