%0 Journal Article
%T The 5-Item Who Well-Being Index as a Screening Tool for Depression in a Population of Doctors and Nurses in Nigeria during the COVID-19 Pandemic
%A Omonefe J. Seb-Akahomen
%A Esther O. Okogbenin
%A Olukunle M. Obagaye
%A Paul O. Erohubie
%A Benjamin E. Aweh
%J Open Journal of Depression
%P 43-53
%@ 2169-9674
%D 2021
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/ojd.2021.102004
%X <b>Background:</b><span \"=\"\"> Undetected depression can result in a significant decline in
productivity among the workforce in every system, the healthcare sector
inclusive. It is vital to utilize brief screening tools to detect populations
at risk of depression. The 5-item WHO Well-being Index (WHO-5) has been used as
a screening measure for depression, but
research on this is scarce in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to
determine the utility and validity of the WHO-5 in screening for depression in
a population of doctors and nurses in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic. <b>Methods:</b> A representative sample of medical doctors and nurses across Nigeria (n = 464),
completed the 5-item World Health
Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). <b>Results: </b>The
pattern of factors associated with cases of a positive depression screening
w</span>as<span \"=\"\"> considerably similar for
the WHO-5 and the PHQ-9. At a cut-off score of 50 for the WHO-5, the
sensitivity and specificity values obtained
were 0.857 and 0.851 respectively. Positive and negative predictive
values were 0.404 and 0.981 respectively. ROC analysis of the WHO-5 against the
PHQ-9 revealed that, at a cut-off of 50, the sensitivity of the WHO-5 was
0.857, 1-specificity was 0.152. The AUC was 0.918 (95% CI 0.884</span>-<span \"=\"\">0.953). Also, there was a
strong, negative correlation between the WHO and the PHQ-9 scores (<i>r</i> = </span><span \"=\"\"><span style=\"color:#4F4F4F;\">&amp;#45;</span>0.590, <i>p</i> ¡Ü 0.0001). <b>Conclusion: </b>The WHO-5 well-being index has satisfactory validity as a
screening tool for the detection of depression. It is also feasible for use in
very busy settings, because of its brevity and ease of administration.
%K WHO-5
%K Depression
%K Healthcare Professionals
%K COVID-19
%K Nigeria
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=108991