%0 Journal Article
%T The Approach of the £¿usayniyya School of Mu£¿tazila A£¿la£¿ in Mundane Matters
%A Orhan £¿enel Kolo£¿lu
%J -
%D 2018
%X The idea of a£¿la£¿, which implies that God necessarily acts to the advantage of humanity, was one of the principles of the Mu£¿tazila, although some scholars in this school disagreed on its meaning. Mu£¿tazil¨© scholars from Basra used the concept of a£¿la£¿ only in regards to religious matters and disregarded it for mundane issues, whereas those from Baghdad employed it both for religious and mundane affairs. However, in a later period, a group of Mu£¿tazil¨©s from Basra, known as £¿usayniyya, adopted the view of Baghdadi scholars in respect to its applicability to religious and mundane issues; thereby the Basra school of Mu£¿tazila also incorporated the idea of a£¿la£¿ in its thought. The mainstream Basra school of Mu£¿tazila, the Bahshamiyya school, continued to insist on limiting the usage of a£¿la£¿ only to religious matters by excluding mundane affairs completely. Therefore, the applicability of a£¿la£¿ in mundane affairs became a point of dispute between the Bahshamiyya and the £¿usayniyya in the later Mu£¿tazila period. The person who most clearly defined the £¿usayniyya position in mundane a£¿la£¿ and the critique of Bahshamiyya on the subject from the £¿usayniyya perspective was Ibn al-Mal¨¡£¿im¨©, who was the most significant scholar after Ab¨± al-£¿usayn al-Ba£¿r¨©, the founder of this school. Ibn al-Mal¨¡£¿im¨© expressed his ideas on the issue in detail in his book al-F¨¡£¿iq f¨© u£¿¨±l al-d¨©n where he discussed the subject not through a dichotomy between Bahshamiyya and £¿usayniyya, but rather in the context of two schools of Mu£¿tazila, the Baghdad and Basra schools. He identified his own position along the same line as the Baghdad school. According to Ibn al-Mal¨¡£¿im¨©, the reason for the Bahshamiyya¡¯s rejection of mundane a£¿la£¿ was the idea that its existence necessitated that an eternal being come into existence. As one cannot imagine a finite a£¿la£¿ in mundane matters, there will always be a more advantageous condition than the determined quality of the a£¿la£¿. Therefore, to consider mundane a£¿la£¿ obligatory on God¡¯s will means something eternal necessarily comes into existence. As an eternal being cannot come into existence, God cannot create a mundane a£¿la£¿. This idea would violate the principle of God¡¯s obligations, which is not possible. Bahshamiyya scholars stated that mundane a£¿la£¿ was not possible because it would always result in impossible outcomes. As for the Baghdad school (£¿usayniyya), they approach the subject through the concept of d¨¡£¿¨© (motive). According to this school, there is a requisite relationship between the motive and the action. When a motive displays
%K Basra Mu¡®tezilesi
%K Ba£¿dat Mu¡®tezilesi
%K Beh£¿emiyye
%K H¨¹seyniyye
%K aslah
%K motiv (da£¿)
%U http://dergipark.org.tr/isad/issue/36297/409839