%0 Journal Article
%T The Contributions of K£¿se£¿ Ahmed Dede and Shaykh Gh¨¡lib to Mawlaw¨© Manners and Principles
%A Ay£¿eg¨¹l Mete
%J -
%D 2019
%X This article examines Mawlaw¨© manners (¨¡d¨¡b) and principles (ark¨¡n) by focusing on several subjects, including initiation, remembrance of Allah (dhikr), whirling prayer ceremonies (muq¨¡bala), a period of 1001 days of uninterrupted service (£¿ile), and relations between Sufi masters and their disciples, in order to shed light on the contributions of K£¿se£¿ Ahmed Dede (d. 1191/1777) and Shaykh Galib (d. 1213/1799). Current studies on the subject do not focus on the historical developments of Mawlaw¨© manners and principles, nor do they follow a chronological order that would help us to determine the origins of principles. Unlike other studies, this article aims at identifying historical development of Mawlav¨© manners and principles that evolved over several centuries and highlighting the similarities and differences that appear in the sources. In this line, it employs a wide literature on Mawlaw¨© manners and principles starting with Divane Mehmed £¿elebi¡¯s (d. after 951/1544) £¿ar¨©qat al-¡®¨¡rif¨©n (The Path of Recognizants to Allah) through Safi Arpagu£¿¡¯s Mevlevilikte Manevi E£¿itim (The Spiritual Training in Mawlawi order). Firstly, the article provides a brief overview of the literature on Mawlaw¨© manners and principles. Based on this literature, it identifies the main elements of Mawlawi manners and principles and analyzes them under five headings: initiation practices, dhikr, muq¨¡bala, chella and relations between Sufi masters and Sufi disciples. All researchers seem to agree that one needs first to be initiated in order to pledge allegiance to a living Sufi master, however they disagree on the ceremonies of initiation. Chronologically speaking, K£¿se£¿ Ahmed Dede is the first author to explain in his work al-Tu£¿fa al-bahiyya the details of Sufi ceremonies, such as the ceremonies of allegiance, the usage of a special formula to remember Allah (talq¨©n al-dhikr), and the wearing of hat (sikka) and investiture (khirqa). In addition, Shaykh Galib is the only one who says that a seeker (£¿¨¡lib) can be accepted to the path through a different pledge of allegiance in respect to the level of his aspiration. According to him, if the seeker has a sincere desire to join the order, the Sufi master might order him into chella. If the seeker has a lower aspiration for joining, the Sufi master might recommend that he invokes a special formula to remember Allah. With regards to the seeker with the lowest motivation, the Sufi master might ask him to repent for his sins, and follow the Masnaw¨© lectures. Therefore, the first will be mur¨©d (the disciple), the second will be mun¨©b
%K Mevleviyye
%K adap ve erkan
%K K£¿se£¿ Ahmed Dede
%K £¿eyh Galib
%K et-Tuhfe
%K es-Sohbe
%U http://dergipark.org.tr/isad/issue/47006/571595