%0 Journal Article
%T Workers¡¯ Experience in Adana from Egyptian £¿brahim Pasha¡¯s Period to the end of the First World War (1832-1918)
%A Osman Karlang£¿£¿
%J -
%D 2018
%X In the 19th century, due to epidemic diseases, unfavorable climatic conditions and the social unrest, labor force cropped up. During the occupation of the region by the Egyptian governor Mehmet Ali Pasha (1832-1841), his son £¿brahim Pasha had signed important changes that regulated the working conditions of the workers. Even if his efforts went a bit to the problems of the workers, he wasn¡¯t able to solve the problem of the labor force in £¿ukurova. Adana, which had plenty of land and lack of labor, tried to overcome the problem with seasonal workers from various regions. The eastern Anatolian region considerably contributed to the resolution of the labor shortage. With the guidance of external factors in the 1860s, the increase in cotton farming resulted in the diversification of the regions where workers came from. The workers were generally flocking to Adana in February-May period. By the end of the 19th century, the conditions of life in Adana were too heavy for the workers. Especially people on the streets on Tuesday, when there was a working market, were a big problem. Epidemic diseases such as syphilis and cholera that ruin workers; ills which left the workers without a penny such as gambling, pickpocketing and fortune-telling were available. ¡°Working Committee¡± was established to solve the problems between the employee and the employer. Adana Events, which took place in 1909, carried workforce problems to great dimensions. The working conditions of the railway workers, who were also another group of workers, were not considered well, either. They were exploited by big railway companies; rest periods and meals affected their health negatively. Adana was also affected by the strikes of 1908. Industrial workers raided factories. Before the First World War, around 5,000 workers were operating in the cotton-based industries. The First World War had raised labor wages quite. In this study, in the process from the 19th century to the Mondros Armistice, the working conditions and living requirements of the workers in Adana will be emphasized
%K Adana
%K £¿brahim Pa£¿a
%U http://dergipark.org.tr/jhf/issue/38937/448143