%0 Journal Article
%T Simple and Composite: Definition of Body in Kal¨¡m and Ibn Kam¨¡l¡¯s Criticism of £¿afra
%A Osman Demir
%J -
%D 2019
%X The mutakallim¨±n, who began to take care of nature as a result of their metaphysical concerns from the early period and with the influence of the dualist and materialist groups, suggested various theories that attempt to explain the structure and functioning of the universe. Over time, many subjects of physics became an indispensable part of Kal¨¡m and were used in the proof of the fundamental principles. Thus, in addition to the definition of body (jism), Kal¨¡m books began to contain detailed topics such as time, space, movement and distance. After summarizing the definitions of body, which were made by the mutakallim¨±n, this article will examine the contents of Ibn Kam¨¡l's epistle on £¿afra (leaping), which has many copies with various titles in the Turkish Libraries. In the beginning of the epistle, Ibn Kam¨¡l mentions the descriptions of body suggested by the prominent mutakallim¨±n, and then, he compares the views of al-Na£¿£¿¨¡m, who believes in the finite division, with atomist mutakallim¨±n who accept the infinite division. He criticizes the idea of £¿afra with regard to the notion of body in Kal¨¡m. After explaining the arguments of both groups with their justifications, he points out the weaknesses of the arguments of each group, as well. In this connection, he revisits the theory of £¿afra , which is, he argues, a mandatory consequence of al-Na£¿£¿¨¡m¡¯s definition of object, as he also reviews the opinions of Qu£¿b al-Din al-R¨¡z¨© in this direction
%K £¿bn Kemal
%K Kelam
%K Osmanl£¿ D¨¹£¿¨¹ncesi
%K Cismin Tan£¿m£¿
%K Atomculuk
%K Nazzam
%U http://dergipark.org.tr/kaderdergi/issue/46338/553736