%0 Journal Article
%T The Bidirectional Spirituality Scale: Construction and Initial Evidence for Validity
%A W. Paul Williamson
%J -
%D 2019
%X This study presents the development and construction of the 16-item Bidirectional Spirituality Scale (BSS), which is based on the theory of vertical and horizontal spirituality. Vertical spirituality focuses on that involving one¡¯s relationship with God, whereas horizontal spirituality is concerned with one¡¯s relations with people and attunement to meaning and purpose. Using data from 239 USA participants, exploratory factor analysis has produced three factors: vertical spirituality (VS; 8 items); horizontal spirituality-others (HS-O; 4 items); and horizontal spirituality-existential (HS-E; 4 items). A partial confirmatory factor analysis has confirmed the three-factor model. For research purposes, HS-O and HS-E can be combined to produce an 8-item horizontal spirituality scale to complement the 8-item VS scale. Further analyses have found preliminary evidence for both convergent and discriminant validity. Because of its sound psychometric properties, the BSS appears to be a useful, brief instrument for discriminating both religious and non-religious spirituality
%K Maneviyat £¿l£¿ekleri
%K Maneviyat
%K Dini maneviyat
%K Din d£¿£¿£¿ maneviyat
%K K£¿smi do£¿rulay£¿c£¿ fakt£¿r analizi
%U http://dergipark.org.tr/spiritualpc/issue/44299/546995