%0 Journal Article
%T La mondialisation linguistique, pourquoi l¡¯Afrique reste muette?
%A Jean Chrysostome Nkejabahizi
%J -
%D 2018
%R http://dx.doi.org/10.13138/2037-7037/1928
%X R¨¦sum¨¦ Depuis une quinzaine d¡¯ann¨¦es, l¡¯¨¦minent linguiste fran£¿ais, L.-J. Calvet, d¨¦veloppe une th¨¦orie sur ¡°la mondialisation linguistique¡±, construite autour du ¡°mod¨¨le gravitationnel¡± formant des cercles concentriques. Selon ce mod¨¨le, il existe une langue hypercentrale qui est aujourd¡¯hui l¡¯anglais, suivie par des langues supercentrales qui sont des langues internationales comme le fran£¿ais, l¡¯espagnol, etc. Au troisi¨¨me niveau il y a des langues centrales qui sont plut£¿t r¨¦gionales et parmi lesquelles quelques langues africaines. En p¨¦riph¨¦rie, on retrouve les langues dites locales condamn¨¦es ¨¤ n¡¯¨ºtre utilis¨¦es qu¡¯au village ou ¨¤ la maison, avant de dispara£¿tre. Aujourd¡¯hui beaucoup de langues africaines sont dans cette situation. Ce qui se passe en Afrique subsaharienne depuis les ind¨¦pendances c¡¯est que, soit l¡¯enseignement est assur¨¦ en langue ¨¦trang¨¨re du primaire ¨¤ l¡¯universit¨¦, soit on enseigne en langue locale seulement les trois premi¨¨res ann¨¦es du primaire, le reste (second cycle du primaire, secondaire et universit¨¦) en langue ¨¦trang¨¨re. Deux pays seulement, la Tanzanie et l¡¯Erythr¨¦e, font exception. Pourtant les langues africaines doivent cr¨¦er le savoir et s¡¯ouvrir ¨¤ communication scientifique et technologique moderne. Since about fifteen years, the French eminent sociolinguist, L.-J. Calvet, developed a theory called ¡°linguistic globalisation¡± constructed around the gravitational model which is built like concentric cycles; and according to this model, there is a hyper central language which is today English, followed by super central languages which are international like German, French, Italian, Spanish, etc. On the third stage, there are central languages which are regional; and among them we can distinguish some African ones. At the last stage, local languages which are condemned to be used only in the village or at home. Now many African languages are in this category, which means if we do not pay attention, they will disappear in few years. That is happening today in Subsaharan Africa, since the Independence Period, is that either Education is ensured in foreign language from Primary School to University; either they teach in local languages only les three first years of the Primary School, the rest (the Second Cycle of the Primary School, Secondary School and University) is taught in foreign language. Two countries only, Tanzania and Erytrea constitute an exception. Yet, those languages should be used in creating knowledge and in scientific communication and modern technology
%U http://riviste.unimc.it/index.php/heteroglossia/article/view/1928