%0 Journal Article
%T Unanswered Questions Regarding Sex and BMP/TGF-¦Â Signaling
%A Melissa B. Rogers
%A Tapan A. Shah
%J -
%D 2018
%R https://doi.org/10.3390/jdb6020014
%X Abstract Crosstalk between the BMP and TGF-¦Â signaling pathways regulates many complex developmental processes from the earliest stages of embryogenesis throughout adult life. In many situations, the two signaling pathways act reciprocally. For example, TGF-¦Â signaling is generally pro-fibrotic, whereas BMP signaling is anti-fibrotic and pro-calcific. Sex-specific differences occur in many diseases including cardiovascular pathologies. Differing ratios of fibrosis and calcification in stenotic valves suggests that BMP/TGF-¦Â signaling may vary in men and women. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the interplay between sex and BMP/TGF-¦Â signaling and pose several unanswered questions. View Full-Tex
%K BMP
%K TGF-¦Â
%K signaling
%K sex
%K chromosomes
%K XIST
%K genomic imprinting
%K hormones
%K fibrosis
%U https://www.mdpi.com/2221-3759/6/2/14