%0 Journal Article
%T Systemic inflammation is associated with depressive symptoms differentially by sex and race: a longitudinal study of urban adults
%J -
%D 2019
%R https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-019-0408-2
%X Systemic inflammation may influence trajectories of depressive symptoms over time, perhaps differentially by sex and race. Inflammatory markers and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale [total score: CES-Dtotal and four distinctive domains: somatic complaints, depressed affect, positive affect and interpersonal problems] were examined among African-American (AA) and White urban adults participating in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study [2004¨C2013, Agebase:30¨C64£¿y, mean£¿¡À£¿SD follow-up time: 4.64£¿¡À£¿0.93£¿y, N£¿=£¿150 (with cytokine data) to N£¿=£¿1,767 (with other inflammatory markers)]. Findings suggest that serum concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), z-inflammation composite score [ICS, combining elevated hsCRP and ESR with low serum albumin and iron], and serum interleukin (IL) 1¦Â were positively associated with ¦¤CES-Dtotal (¦¤: annual rate of increase) among Whites only. IL-12 was directly related to ¦¤CES-Dtotal among men and AA. The race-specific associations of hsCRP, ICS, IL-1¦Â and the sex-specific association of IL-12 with ¦¤CES-Dtotal were replicated for the ¡°depressed affect¡± domain. Similarly, among men, lower serum albumin and higher ICS were linked with higher baseline ¡°somatic complaints¡±. IL-10 among AA and IL-12 among men were inversely related to ¦¤¡°positive affect¡±, while ¡°interpersonal problems¡± were cross-sectionally associated with IL-6 among AA and IL-10 among Whites. Finally, baseline ICS was positively associated with incident ¡°elevated depressive symptoms¡± (EDS: CES-Dtotal£¿¡Ý£¿16) among AA (HR£¿=£¿1.28, 95% CI: 1.04¨C1.56, P£¿=£¿0.017). Overall, systemic inflammation was directly linked to increased depressive symptoms over time and at baseline, differentially across sex and race groups. More longitudinal research is needed to replicate our findings
%U https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-019-0408-2