%0 Journal Article
%T 干旱区新疆滴灌用水定额研究应用<br>Research and Application of Water Quota for Drip Irrigation in Arid Area of Xinjiang
%A 王忠
%A 马铁成
%A 周和平
%A 张太西
%A 阿不来提&bull
%A 阿不都热依木
%A 马千雅
%J Advances in Environmental Protection
%P 78-94
%@ 2164-5493
%D 2021
%I Hans Publishing
%R 10.12677/AEP.2021.111008
%X <div style=\"text-align:justify;\">
	滴灌高效节水技术已在干旱区新疆大面积推广应用，研究分析滴灌用水定额技术指标，对于实施严格的水资源总量控制定额管理具有重要作用。本文采用彭曼方法作物系数法和滴灌试验方法分析，综合考虑不同灌溉保证率、地理区位、气候土壤、有效降水对滴灌用水定额响应，划分86个县域灌区5个一级40个二级灌溉分区，构建9种粮食、12种经作、1种苜蓿牧草类、7种果类，形成30种作物种类1623个滴灌用水定额值。研究结果表明，北疆灌区50%和75%灌溉保证率，滴灌田间用水定额365 mm和410 mm，两者相差12.3%；东疆灌区滴灌田间用水定额429 mm和491mm，两者相差14.5%；南疆灌区滴灌田间用水定额378 mm和428 mm，两者相差13.2%。全疆滴灌田间用水定额372 mm和420 mm，两者相差12.9%。滴灌田间用水定额变化呈现东疆 &gt; 南疆 &gt; 北疆规律，与灌区地理环境区位有效降水气象水文蒸发、植物水分蒸散及需水变化特征一致。滴灌用水定额涵盖了灌区大田粮作、经作、蔬菜、果树、林地、牧草大宗类作物，研究成果具有广泛应用性。<br />
Drip irrigation high-efficiency water-saving technology has been widely used in arid areas of Xin-jiang. Research and analysis of drip irrigation water quota technical indicators plays an important role in the implementation of strict water resources total amount control quota management. In this paper, penman method, crop coefficient method and drip irrigation experiment method were used to analyze the response of different irrigation guarantee rate, geographical location, climate, soil and effective precipitation to drip irrigation water quota. Five primary and 40 secondary irri-gation zones in 86 county irrigation areas were divided, and 9 kinds of grain, 12 kinds of crops, 1 kind of alfalfa forage and 7 kinds of fruit were constructed, forming 1623 drip irrigation water quota of 30 kinds of crops Amount. The results showed that the field water quota of drip irrigation was 365 mm and 410 mm with 50% and 75% irrigation assurance rate in North Xinjiang irrigation area, the difference was 12.3%; the field water quota of drip irrigation in East Xinjiang irrigation area was 429 mm and 491 mm, the difference was 14.5%; the field water quota of drip irrigation in South Xinjiang irrigation area was 378 mm and 428 mm, the difference was 13.2%. The field water quota of drip irrigation in Xinjiang was 372 mm and 420 mm, with a difference of 12.9%. The results showed that the variation of field water use quota of drip irrigation was in the order of eastern Xinjiang &gt; Southern Xinjiang &gt; Northern Xinjiang, which was consistent with the variation characteristics of effective precipitation, meteorological and hydrological evaporation, plant water evapotranspiration and water demand in the geographical environment of the irrigation area. The water quota of drip irrigation covers grain crops, economic crops, vegetables, fruit trees, woodland and forage crops, and the research results are widely used.
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%K 水资源利用，干旱灌区，滴灌用水定额，研究应用<br>Water Resources Utilization
%K Arid Irrigation Area
%K Drip Irrigation Water Quota
%K Research and Application
%U http://www.hanspub.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=40426