%0 Journal Article
%T Load characteristics and inhalation risk assessment of benzene series (BTEX) pollutant in indoor air of Ghalyan and/ or cigarette cafes compared to smoking-free cafes
%A Dariush Ranjbar Vakilabadi
%A Farzad Fanaei
%A Gholamreza Heydari
%A Hossein Arfaeinia
%A Majid Kermani
%A Mohammad Rayani
%A Mojtaba Behroozi
%A Yousef Poureshgh
%J Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability
%D 2020
%R https://doi.org/10.1080/26395940.2020.1713895
%X ABSTRACT To determine the concentration of benzene series (BTEX) compounds, 33 samples were collected from indoor air of Ghalyan caf¨¦s (GHC), cigarette caf¨¦s (CC) and smoking-free caf¨¦s (SFC) in Bushehr city, Iran, and analyzed using gas-chromatography - flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The results of this study indicated that the mean¡ÀSD values of ¦²BTEX in GHC, CC and SFC caf¨¦s were 19.46 ¡À 6.07, 11.34 ¡À 5.21 and 2.26 ¡À 0.76 mg/m3, respectively. The mean concentration of BTEX in the caf¨¦s with fruit-flavored tobacco was significantly higher than those in traditional caf¨¦s (p < 0.05). According to path analysis, the number of active waterpipe heads had the maximum impact on the production of pollutants inside the caf¨¦s. The results also indicated that the risk of exposure to BTEX in smoking caf¨¦s in Bushehr was very high; it can develop serious carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks
%U https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/26395940.2020.1713895