%0 Journal Article
%T Trends of Mycobacterium bovis Isolation and First-Line Anti-tuberculosis Drug Susceptibility Profile: A Fifteen-Year Laboratory-Based Surveillance
%A Alfredo Ponce de Le¨®n
%A Areli Mart¨ªnez-Gamboa
%A Axel Cervantes-S¨¢nchez
%A Brenda Crabtree-Ramirez
%A B¨¢rbara Ch¨¢vez-Mazari
%A Carmen Cinta-Severo
%A Jos¨¦ Sifuentes-Osornio
%A Luis Rodr¨ªguez-Cruz
%A Miguel Enrique Cervera-Hern¨¢ndez
%A Miriam Bobadilla-del Valle
%A Narciso Ortiz-Conchi
%A Pedro Torres-Gonz¨¢lez
%A Tomasa Gudi£¿o-Enr¨ªquez
%J -
%D 2015
%R 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004124
%X Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the majority of tuberculosis (TB) cases in humans; however, in developing countries, human TB caused by M. bovis may be frequent but undetected. Human TB caused by M. bovis is considered a zoonosis; transmission is mainly through consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, and it is less frequently attributed to animal-to-human or human-to-human contact. We describe the trends of M. bovis isolation from human samples and first-line drug susceptibility during a 15-year period in a referral laboratory located in a tertiary care hospital in Mexico City.   Methodology/Principal Findings Data on mycobacterial isolates from human clinical samples were retrieved from the laboratory¡¯s database for the 2000¨C2014 period. Susceptibility to first-line drugs: rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin (STR) and ethambutol was determined. We identified 1,165 isolates, 73.7% were M. tuberculosis and 26.2%, M. bovis. Among pulmonary samples, 16.6% were M. bovis. The proportion of M. bovis isolates significantly increased from 7.8% in 2000 to 28.4% in 2014 (X2trend, p<0.001). Primary STR resistance was higher among M. bovis compared with M. tuberculosis isolates (10.9% vs.3.4%, p<0.001). Secondary multidrug resistance (MDR) rates were 38.5% and 34.4% for M. bovis and M. tuberculosis, respectively (p = 0.637). A rising trend of primary STR monoresistance was observed for both species (3.4% in 2000¨C2004 vs. 7.6% in 2010¨C2014; p = 0.02).   Conclusions/Significance There is a high prevalence and a rising trend of M. bovis isolates in our region. The proportion of pulmonary M. bovis isolates is higher than in previous reports. Additionally, we report high rates of primary anti-tuberculosis resistance and secondary MDR in both M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. This is one of the largest reports on drug susceptibility of M. bovis from human samples and shows a significant proportion of first-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance
%K Mycobacterium tuberculosis
%K Mycobacterium bovis
%K Tuberculosis
%K Mexico
%K Bovine tuberculosis in humans
%K Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
%K Bovine tuberculosis
%K Drug therapy
%U https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0004124