%0 Journal Article
%T Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin negatively modulates ILC3 function through perturbation of IL-23-mediated MAPK signaling
%A David S. J. Allan
%A James R. Carlyle
%A Lauren A. Zenewicz
%A Sudarshan Seshadri
%J -
%D 2017
%R 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006690
%X Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, secretes lethal toxin that down-regulates immune functions. Translocation of B. anthracis across mucosal epithelia is key for its dissemination and pathogenesis. Group 3 innate lymphocytes (ILC3s) are important in mucosal barrier maintenance due to their expression of the cytokine IL-22, a critical regulator of tissue responses and repair during homeostasis and inflammation. We found that B. anthracis lethal toxin perturbed ILC3 function in vitro and in vivo, revealing an unknown IL-23-mediated MAPK signaling pathway. Lethal toxin had no effects on the canonical STAT3-mediated IL-23 signaling pathway. Rather lethal toxin triggered the loss of several MAP2K kinases, which correlated with reduced activation of downstream ERK1/2 and p38, respectively. Inhibition studies showed the importance of MAPK signaling in IL-23-mediated production of IL-22. Our finding that MAPK signaling is required for optimal IL-22 production in ILC3s may lead to new approaches for targeting IL-22 biology
%K Toxins
%K MAPK signaling cascades
%K Lethality (bacteriology)
%K Lymphocytes
%K Cytokines
%K Phosphorylation
%K Bacillus anthracis
%K Cell staining
%U https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1006690