%0 Journal Article
%T Endothelial cells are intrinsically defective in xenophagy of Streptococcus pyogenes
%A Hirokazu Arimoto
%A Hiroko Omori
%A Maho Hamasaki
%A Ryo Iwamoto
%A Shiou-Ling Lu
%A Takeshi Noda
%A Tamotsu Yoshimori
%A Tatsuya Kusaba
%A Tsuyoshi Kawabata
%A Yee-Shin Lin
%A Yi-Lin Cheng
%J -
%D 2017
%R 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006444
%X Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is deleterious pathogenic bacteria whose interaction with blood vessels leads to life-threatening bacteremia. Although xenophagy, a special form of autophagy, eliminates invading GAS in epithelial cells, we found that GAS could survive and multiply in endothelial cells. Endothelial cells were competent in starvation-induced autophagy, but failed to form double-membrane structures surrounding GAS, an essential step in xenophagy. This deficiency stemmed from reduced recruitment of ubiquitin and several core autophagy proteins in endothelial cells, as demonstrated by the fact that it could be rescued by exogenous coating of GAS with ubiquitin. The defect was associated with reduced NO-mediated ubiquitin signaling. Therefore, we propose that the lack of efficient clearance of GAS in endothelial cells is caused by their intrinsic inability to target GAS with ubiquitin to promote autophagosome biogenesis for xenophagy
%K Endothelial cells
%K Autophagic cell death
%K Epithelial cells
%K Ubiquitination
%K Nitric oxide
%K Small interfering RNAs
%K Salmonella
%K Salmonellosis
%U https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1006444