%0 Journal Article
%T Was Austria每Hungary condemned to fail?
%A Suppan
%A Arnold
%J -
%D 2016
%X Saˋetak Essential features of the Habsburg Monarchy, which held the name of Austrian Empire as of 1804 and Austro每Hungarian Monarchy as of 1867, were multi-ethnicity, multi-lingualism and multi-culturalism. Its internal borders did however not correspond with the cultural and national ones. The basic weakness of the Habsburg Monarchy was the following: only fi ve out of its twelve major nations lived within its borders, whilst the rest mostly lived out of the state borders. Following the new reorganisation of Europe defi ned at the Congress of Vienna 1814每15, Austrian Empire remained the central power of the continental balance system, yet Austria and its state chancellor, Prince of Mett ernich, were too weak to eff ectively assume this role. Though Austria was in 1848 exposed to the att ack of a combination of liberalism and nationalism, its existence was not endangered, as it was the case in 1618 or 1740. Austrian Empire adopted liberal institutions and was transformed into a centralised state, thus embracing the integration of all Germans as its goal. In 1866, aft er the defeat in the war with Prussia, German and Austrian intellectuals continued to be preoccupied with the problem of German national identity, whilst Vienna as the centre accepted Austro每Hungarian dualism established in 1867, and acknowledged German and Hungarian hegemony over Slavic peoples as guarantee that the Habsburg Monarchy would continue to be a great power. Aft er dualism had been introduced in the Austrian part of the Habsburg Monarchy, an administrative system based on the principles of moderate liberalism was established. Major threat to the stability of the Empire arose not from social confl icts, but from a potential confl ict among the ruling elites; the prospects of reforming the constitutionally inadequately balanced dual monarchy into a real parliamentary system were however too poor. The introduction of universal vote right in Hungary and vote right for women at state level in the Monarchy would possibly have reinforced the strength of peasant, Christian-social, social-democratic and liberal parties of all nationalities, and tempered the confl icts among nationalist intellectuals. Modernisation rose in Austro每Hungary, yet not uniformly in all parts of the territory 每 Austrian and Czech lands experienced the strongest development. Aft er 1848, the number of secondary-school students increased signifi cantly, and even members of the lower middle class were allowed to acquire academic education. Languages used at universities were German and Hungarian; while at the one
%K Austria每Hungary
%K Austrian Empire
%K nation每nationality每nationalism
%U https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=228084