%0 Journal Article
%T Normative values and affecting factors for the elbow range of motion
%A Denise Eygendaal
%A Elisa L Zwerus
%A Matthijs P Somford
%A Michel PJ van den Bekerom
%A Nienke W Willigenburg
%A Vanessa A Scholtes
%J Shoulder & Elbow
%@ 1758-5740
%D 2019
%R 10.1177/1758573217728711
%X Abnormalities in the elbow range of motion (ROM) can be subtle; therefore, it is important that the examiner can compare findings with reliable reference values, matching the patients¡¯ characteristics. Primarily, we aimed to provide normative values for the elbow ROM in subpopulations based on age, sex, dominance and body mass index (BMI). The secondary objective was to determine intra- and inter-rater reliability. aROM (active range of motion) and pROM (passive range of motion) were measured bilaterally in healthy adults using a universal goniometer. The influence of factors affecting the ROM was calculated using Pearson¡¯s correlation coefficient. In two samples of subjects, intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were determined. The study population (n£¿=£¿352) consisted of 47.2% male and 52.8% female subjects. For aROM (dominant hand), mean flexion was 146¡ã, extension ¨C2¡ã, pronation 80¡ã and supination 87¡ã. Male subjects had smaller ROM compared to females (p£¿<£¿0.001). Differences between dominant and nondominant hand were less than one degree. pROMs were 3¡ã to 5¡ã larger than aROMs (p£¿<£¿0.001). Intra- and inter-rater reliability was good. Elbow ROM is influenced by age, sex and BMI. In the general population, the ROM of the uninjured side can serve as a reference in case of an injured elbow
%K elbow
%K joint mobility
%K range of motion
%K normative values
%K reference values
%U https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1758573217728711