%0 Journal Article
%T Rumination, Depression, and Gender in Early Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study of a Bidirectional Model
%A Brittany Hoffmann
%A Clorinda E. V¨Ślez
%A Derek R. Freres
%A Elizabeth D. Krause
%A Jane E. Gillham
%A Rachel M. Abenavoli
%A Rebecca Woo
%J The Journal of Early Adolescence
%@ 1552-5449
%D 2018
%R 10.1177/0272431617704956
%X Recent research suggests that rumination may represent both a risk factor for and consequence of depression, especially among female samples. Nevertheless, few longitudinal studies have examined a reciprocal model of rumination and depression in early adolescence, just before rates of depression diverge by gender. The present study evaluated a cross-lagged path model of rumination and depression in a sample of 408 early adolescents. Gender moderation was also examined. Support was found for a longitudinal bidirectional model of rumination and depression but only among girls. For boys, increased rumination emerged as a consequence, not as a predictor, of depression symptoms. In early adolescence, rumination may be a greater risk factor for depression among girls than boys, whereas depression may be a significant vulnerability factor for increased rumination among both boys and girls. Why rumination may be more maladaptive for girls than boys is discussed within a psychosocial and developmental framework
%K depression
%K gender
%K emotion regulation
%K risk/resilience
%K rumination
%U https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0272431617704956