%0 Journal Article
%T Parents, Television, and Children¡¯s Emotional Expressions: A Cross
%A Anne Bartsch
%A Marie-Louise Mares
%A Maya Goetz
%A Sebastian Scherr
%J Journal of Cross
%@ 1552-5422
%D 2019
%R 10.1177/0022022118806585
%X Parents and media both play an important role in the socialization of children¡¯s emotions, yet it remains unclear whether these socializing influences vary by culture. We studied the joint influences of parents and television on children¡¯s expression of four basic emotions (happiness, anger, sadness, and fear) using self-report survey data from 3570 six- to 15-year-olds from 13 Asian, European, Middle Eastern, and South American countries. Perceived parental approval positively predicted self-reported expression of all four emotions. In addition, children¡¯s approval of TV characters¡¯ expression of happiness and anger (but not sadness and fear) positively predicted self-reported expressions of these emotions. A multilevel model combining cultural indicators (individualism, indulgence, assertiveness, humane orientation) and sociopolitical variables (Human Development Index, Gender Inequality Index, Grade Point Average) at the country level with individual-level variables (age, gender, media use) suggested that parental socialization of sadness, and media socialization of anger, varied as a function of some cultural indicators (assertiveness and humane orientation). Overall, though, despite theorizing about cultural differences, parental approval and (to a lesser extent) children¡¯s approval of media models tended to predict children¡¯s emotion displays rather consistently across a wide array of countries
%K experienced emotions
%K emotion expression
%K emotion display
%K parental socialization
%K TV characters
%K media socialization
%K cross-cultural similarities
%U https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0022022118806585