%0 Journal Article
%T A Graded Response Model Framework for Questionnaires With Uniform Response Formats
%A Christof Schuster
%A Dirk Lubbe
%J Applied Psychological Measurement
%@ 1552-3497
%D 2019
%R 10.1177/0146621618789394
%X Questionnaires with uniform-ordered categorical response formats are widely applied in psychology. Muraki proposed a modified graded response model accounting for the items¡¯ uniform response formats by assuming identical threshold parameters defining the category boundaries for all items. What is not well known is that there is a set of closely related models, which similarly assume identical thresholds. The present article gives a framework illustrating the differences between these models and their utility for understanding questionnaire responses in detail. The models are explained as constrained cases of a one-dimensional factor model for ordered categorical data. Furthermore, the authors show that the models can be written and fitted as structural equation models, which allows for a very flexible and general purpose use. Instructions on implementing the models in Mplus and SAS PROC NLMIXED are given
%K polytomous item response
%K graded response model
%K category thresholds
%K latent trait
%K item response theory
%K slope¨Cscale model
%U https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0146621618789394