%0 Journal Article %T Inverted Hybridities: Reactions to Imperialism in Select Pseudepigraphic Ezra Materials %A Warren C. Campbell %J Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha %@ 1745-5286 %D 2018 %R 10.1177/0951820718771237 %X This article examines both 4 and 5 Ezra as two textual reactions to Roman imperialism utilizing Homi Bhabha's notion of ¡®hybridity¡¯. The central argument offered here is that 4 and 5 Ezra both exemplify resistance to and affiliation with the discourse of dominance integral to imperial ideology. Such reactions are, however, inverted. On the one hand, 4 Ezra primarily offers a theodicean resistance to the destruction of the Second Temple during the First Jewish Revolt (66¨C70 CE), but relies upon essentialized binaries integral to a colonial discourse of domination. On the other hand, 5 Ezra advances a notion of religious replacement in the aftermath of the Bar Kokhba revolt (132¨C135 CE); an expression of dominance that is simultaneously a strategy of communal preservation arising from a position of proximity to a Jewish heritage %K 4 Ezra %K 5 Ezra %K hybridity %K Homi Bhabha %K imperialism %K Bar Kokhba revolt %U https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0951820718771237