%0 Journal Article
%T Cytokine expression in tears of patients with glaucoma or dry eye disease: A prospective, observational cohort study
%A Javier Benitez-del-Castillo
%A Jorge Cantu-Dibildox
%A Maria Dolores Pinazo-Duran
%A Silvia M Sanz-Gonz¨¢lez
%A Vicente Zan¨®n-Moreno
%J European Journal of Ophthalmology
%@ 1724-6016
%D 2019
%R 10.1177/1120672118795399
%X The aim of this study was to assess the expression of cytokines/chemokines in tears from patients with non-advanced primary open-angle glaucoma and patients with non-severe dry eye disease versus healthy controls. This prospective, observational cohort study enrolled patients with confirmed or suspected non-advanced primary open-angle glaucoma who received any prostaglandin analogue monotherapy for longer than 6£¿months, patients with non-severe dry eye disease, and healthy controls. Expression of interleukin-1¦Â, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, and interleukin-12; tumor necrosis factor ¦Á; vascular endothelial growth factor; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; and interferon ¦Ã was assessed. 107 participants were enrolled (primary open-angle glaucoma, n£¿=£¿41; dry eye disease, n£¿=£¿30; and healthy controls, n£¿=£¿36). Compared with healthy controls, interleukin-6 was significantly higher (p£¿=£¿0.0001) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and interleukin-1¦Â (p£¿=£¿0.0144), interleukin-6 (p£¿<£¿0.0001), and interleukin-10 (p£¿=£¿0.0392) were higher in patients with dry eye disease. Compared with patients with dry eye disease, patients with primary open-angle glaucoma had significantly lower levels of interleukin-4 (21.79 vs 20.18£¿pg/mL; p£¿=£¿0.0012) and significantly higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (367.75 vs 609.28£¿pg/mL; p£¿=£¿0.0058), tumor necrosis factor ¦Á (14.27 vs 17.93£¿pg/mL; p£¿=£¿0.0048), and interleukin-6 (17.95 vs 27.48£¿pg/mL; p£¿=£¿0.0145). In patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, interleukin-1¦Â expression (p£¿=£¿0.0011) was lower than in those who received intraocular pressure¨Clowering eye drops without preservatives compared with those who received eye drops with preservatives. Different cytokine/chemokine expression profiles in tears of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and dry eye disease strongly suggest the involvement of a variety of signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of these ophthalmic processes
%K Cytokines
%K dry eye syndrome
%K inflammation
%K primary open-angle glaucoma
%U https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1120672118795399