%0 Journal Article
%T The Gradual Move Toward Gender Equality: A 7
%A Chris G. Sibley
%A Danny Osborne
%A Yanshu Huang
%J Social Psychological and Personality Science
%@ 1948-5514
%D 2019
%R 10.1177/1948550617752472
%X Sexist ideologies maintain and reinforce gender inequality, yet the stability of these belief systems is unknown. We addressed this oversight by examining changes in men¡¯s and women¡¯s hostile sexism (HS) and benevolent sexism (BS)¡ªcomplementary gender-based belief systems, respectively, rooted in punitive and protective (albeit restrictive) attitudes toward women¡ªusing seven annual waves of longitudinal panel data (N = 15,626). Autoregressive cross-lagged models examined the rank-order stability of BS and HS, whereas latent growth models examined mean-level changes in both ideologies for men and women from 2009 to 2016. Results indicated that both BS and HS demonstrated high levels of rank-order stability across time for men and women. Nevertheless, women and men experienced mean-level curvilinear decreases in HS characterized by initial sharp declines that decelerated over time. Conversely, women¡¯s mean-level BS initially declined slowly before gradually accelerating, whereas men¡¯s mean-level HS decreased linearly. Together, these results indicate that sexism decreased over time
%K ambivalent sexism
%K gender inequality
%K latent growth modeling
%K longitudinal
%K stability
%U https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1948550617752472