%0 Journal Article
%T Chemical Constituents, Anti
%A Daniel O. Igile
%A Flamini Guido
%A Isiaka A. Ogunwande
%A Oladipupo A. Lawal
%A Opeyemi N. Avoseh
%A Roberta Ascrizzi
%J Natural Product Communications
%@ 1555-9475
%D 2019
%R 10.1177/1934578X19846356
%X The aim of the present study was to characterize the chemical composition and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties of the essential oil from the leaves of Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell. The essential oil was hydrodistilled and characterized by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analyses. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on carrageenan-induced rat paw edema while the anti-nociceptive test was based on hot plate analysis. The hydrodistillation afforded 0.09% (dry weight basis) of pale yellow oil. Thirty-eight compounds representing 94.8% were identified in the oil. The major components of the oil were hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (11.6%), isocaryophyllene (9.8%), and limonene (9.4%). The oils of P. muellerianus displayed anti-nociceptive effect at a rate independent of reaction time and dose (P < 0.001). The rate of inhibition increased exponentially as the dose increases with optimum activity at 400 mg/kg. The carrageenan-induced edema model revealed the suppression of inflammatory mediators at a very high significant value (P < 0.001) for all doses, showing activity comparable to a standard drug at 4 hours after carrageenan injection. Collectively, the essential oils depressed the nociceptors and most likely acted as centrally mediated opioid analgesics while the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the oil might be related to the decrease in the level of iNOS, and cyclo-oxygenase-2 in the edema paw via the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-¦Á, IL1-¦Â), NO, and PGE2 production. This study confirms the analgesics and inflammatory activities of P. muellerianus
%K Phyllanthus muellerianus
%K essential oil
%K anti-inflammatory activity
%K anti-nociceptive property
%U https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1934578X19846356