%0 Journal Article
%T Distinct serum and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and chemokine profiles in autoantibody
%A Alberto Gajofatto
%A Carmen Schwaiger
%A Chiara R Mancinelli
%A Florian Deisenhammer
%A Kevin Rostasy
%A Livia S Hofer
%A Markus Reindl
%A Rachele Delogu
%A Romana H£¿ftberger
%A Salvatore Monaco
%A Sara Mariotto
%A Sebastian Wurth
%A Sergio Ferrari
%A Thomas Berger
%J Multiple Sclerosis Journal
%@ 2055-2173
%D 2019
%R 10.1177/2055217319848463
%X Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system associated with autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 and myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein are mediated by different immunopathological mechanisms compared to multiple sclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine/chemokine profiles in patients with autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 or autoantibodies against myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-associated demyelination compared to multiple sclerosis and autoimmune encephalitis. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine/chemokine levels were analysed using Procartaplex Multiplex Immunoassays. First, we analysed a panel of 32 cytokines/chemokines in a discovery group (nine aquaporin-4-antibody seropositive, nine myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody seropositive, eight encephalitis, 10 multiple sclerosis). Significantly dysregulated cytokines/chemokines were validated in a second cohort (11 aquaporin-4-antibody seropositive, 18 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody seropositive, 18 encephalitis, 33 multiple sclerosis). We found 11 significantly altered cytokines/chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples in the discovery group (a proliferation-inducing ligand, fractalkine=CX3CL1, growth-regulated oncogene-¦Á, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-6, interleukin-8=CXCL8, interleukin-10, interleukin-21, interferon-£¿-induced protein-10=CXCL10, monokine induced by interferon-£¿=CXCL9, macrophage inflammatory protein-1£¿=CCL4). Most of these cytokines/chemokines were up-regulated in autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 or autoantibodies against myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein positive patients compared to multiple sclerosis. We confirmed these results for cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 and serum interleukin-8, growth-regulated oncogene-¦Á, a proliferation-inducing ligand and macrophage inflammatory protein-1¦Â in the validation set. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis revealed increased levels of cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6, serum interleukin-8 and growth-regulated oncogene-¦Á in most patients with autoantibody-associated neurological diseases. This study suggests that distinctive cerebrospinal fluid and serum cytokine/chemokine profiles are associated with autoantibody-mediated demyelination, but not with multiple sclerosis
%K Demyelinating diseases
%K aquaporin-4 antibody
%K myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein antibody
%K multiple sclerosis
%K cytokines
%K chemokines
%U https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2055217319848463