%0 Journal Article
%T Transurethral en bloc resection with monopolar current for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer based on TNM system
%A Chao Liu
%A Dongwen Wang
%A Xiaofeng Yang
%A Yongjun Yang
%J SCIE-indexed Journal
%D 2020
%R 10.21037/tcr.2020.03.48
%X Bladder cancer (BC) is the second common malignant tumor of genitourinary system in the United States of America (USA). It was estimated that the number of newly diagnosed BC patients would rise to about 80,470 in 2019, equally to an average of more than 220 new cases per day (1). About 75% of newly diagnosed BC with the lesions confined to the mucosa [stage Ta and carcinoma in situ (CIS)] or submucosa (stage T1) and the proportion is more higher in younger patients (<40 years), which is named non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) (2). The standard treatment scheme of NMIBC is transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), and followed with tailored intravesical therapy with chemotherapeutic drugs or Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) corresponding to the individual risk of tumor recurrence and progression. The recurrence and progression rate ranged from 15% to 61% and from 0.2% to 17% for NMIBC after TURBT at one year, respectively, and the rate ranged from 31% to 78% and from 0.8% to 45% at five years (3). Due to the high recurrence and progression rate of bladder tumor, a rigorous follow-up program of cystoscopy and instillation therapy regularly is needed. Thus, the economic burden of BC is huge. And in 2012, the disease was responsible for 3% of all cancer-related medical expenses in the European Union (EU) (?143 billion) (4)
%U http://tcr.amegroups.com/article/view/38256/html