%0 Journal Article
%T Association between breast cancer risk and leisure physical activity in a rural cohort population
%A Gail A. Runnells
%A L. Joseph Su
%A Lora J. Rogers
%A Pearl A. McElfish
%A Shelbie D. Stahr
%A Susan A. Kadlubar
%J SCIE-indexed Journal
%D 2019
%R 10.21037/29390
%X Breast cancer is the most common cancer for women and encompasses 15% of all new cancer cases in the United States (1). It is the second leading cause of cancer death among women accounting for approximately 41,760 deaths annually (2). Numerous risk factors, both modifiable and nonmodifiable, have been identified for breast cancer risk. Nonmodifiable factors include age, race, menarche, reproductive history, personal breast cancer history, family history/genetic inheritance, and various medical treatments (3-9). A large part of breast cancer risk comes from modifiable risk factors such as reproductive history, sedentary lifestyle, hormone replacements, smoking, stress/anxiety, body weight, alcohol use, and physical activity (3-12). Of these modifiable risk factors, physical activity has been associated with a 20¨C80% reduction in the risk of breast cancer (3,7,13,14). The American Cancer Society recommends adults participate in a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity each week (15). Numerous studies have identified inverse associations between physical activity and breast cancer risk (3-8,10,11,13,14,16-33), as well as positive associations between sedentary behaviors and breast cancer risk (10,20,34). Physical activity is also known to have an inverse dose-response relationship with obesity (35). Despite knowing that being physically active and maintaining a healthy lifestyle decreases one¡¯s risk for breast cancer, a substantial proportion of American adults remain physically inactive (36) and nearly 30% of adults 18 years and older in the U.S. have been classified as being obese (37) and the trend continues to increase (38). Particularly in the state of Arkansas, the current adult obesity rate as of 2017 was 35%, ranking the state 7th in the nation for obesity (39). Since 1997, the adult obesity rate has increased over the past 27 years (17% vs. 35%) (39). With the alarmingly high rate of obesity among Arkansan women, further investigation into the health effects resulting from lack of physical activity is necessary. By identifying preventative strategies such as physical activity, cases of breast cancer as well as obesity rates can be reduced
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