%0 Journal Article
%T Chalkley Counting in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma:does It Have A Prognostic Value? - Chalkley Counting in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma:does It Have A Prognostic Value? - Open Access Pub
%A Helen D Brasch
%A Louisa Joyce Lim
%A Paul Campbell
%A Reginald Marsh
%A Reuben Bennet
%A Swee T Tan
%A Tinte Itinteang
%J OAP | Home | Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedical Science | Open Access Pub
%D 2018
%X Chalkley counting has been regarded as a relatively reliable method of quantifying tumor angiogenesis. In this study we investigated the reliability of Chalkley counting in quantifying tumor angiogenesis in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) using CD34; and tumor vasculogenesis using angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin II receptor 1 and angiotensin II receptor 2, in 32 OTSCC samples. Chalkley counting was performed by two independent observers. The averages of three ¡®hot spot¡¯ counts were compared with known prognostic factors. All four markers showed no correlation with any of the prognostic factors. When comparing the results from the two independent observers, the only marker shown to have a significant moderate correlation was CD34. The other three markers showed no significant correlation. The lack of statistical significance between the independent observers, and known prognostic factors with the four markers used, shows that Chalkley counting is not a reliable prognostic tool in OTSCC. DOI10.14302/issn.2576-6694.jbbs-19-2625 Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is the 15th most common cancer worldwide 1 with vast geographical differences and greater incidence in developing countries 2, 3. OCSCC affects males most commonly, in their fifth and sixth decades of life, although the incidence is increasing in women and those under the age of 45 3. Risk factors for OCSCC include alcohol abuse, tobacco smoking and betel quid chewing 3. The prognosis of OCSCC depends on tumor stage and other factors 2, 4, 5 including the extent of tumor angiogenesis - the development of new vessels from pre-existing blood vessels 6, 7. The observation that tumor growth and metastasis are dependent on tumor angiogenesis led to its quantitation to determine tumor-related prognosis, with studies confirming this association 8, 9. Chalkley counting has been regarded as a relatively reliable method of quantifying tumor angiogenesis 9, 10, 11. This standardized method counts immunohistochemically stained endothelial cells within the tumor by using a 25-point Chalkley graticule and orientating it to overlap the highest number of stained microvessels 9, 10. Quantifying microvascular density by selecting areas with the most stained vessels - the neovascular ¡®hotspots¡¯, then counting distinct microvessels within a microscopic field of view 10. Others 9, 12 find quantifying angiogenesis in breast cancer by Chalkley counting of CD34+ endothelial cells as an independent prognostic factor. Waengertener et al. 11 also demonstrated an association between
%U https://www.openaccesspub.org/jbbs/article/1014