%0 Journal Article
%T Performance of New and Old Short-seasoned Arachis Hypogea (groundnut) Varieties Under Same Agronomic Practices - Performance of New and Old Short-seasoned Arachis Hypogea (groundnut) Varieties Under Same Agronomic Practices - Open Access Pub
%A Cosmas Parwada
%A Handsen Tibugari
%A Ronald Mandumbu
%A Sandra Zhuwao
%A Savemore Ngirazi
%J OAP | Home | Journal of Agronomy Research | Open Access Pub
%D 2018
%X Performance of three newly released short-seasoned (Nsinjiro, Chitala and JL11) were evaluated against old (Nyanda, Illanda and Tern) groundnuts varieties under same agronomic practices. A field experiment laid in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was done. Varieties were evaluated for days to 50% emergence, 50% flowering, days to physiological maturity, pod and seed yield, and shelling percentage. There were no significant difference in the days to 50% emergence among all varieties but significant difference (p £¿ 0.05) were observed on days to 50% flowering. JL11 and Tern took shortest (90 days) and longest (120 days) time to physiological maturity respectively. Chitala had highest (3.804t/ha) and Tern had lowest (3.020t/ha) seed yield. Jl11 had highest (83%) and Nyanda least (68%) shelling percentage. Results showed that the new varieties out-performed the old varieties in all measured parameters. Therefore, resource constrained farmers may safely opt for the new short-seasoned varieties over the old ones. DOI10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-20-3177 Groundnut (Arachishypogea) is a self-pollinating annual legume that originated from South America in Bolivia 1. It is divided into two subspecies which are Arachis hypogea subspecies hypogea and Arachis hypogea subspecies fastigiata2. The subspecies hypogea are long season, they reach physiological maturity in 120-150 days and subspecies fastigiataare the short season varieties which reach physiological maturity in 90-120 days. Groundnut is an economically important crop in subsistence farming 3. Arachishypogea plays a significant role in the diet of people providing proteins, carbohydrates and mineral elements 4. It can be consumed raw or roasted as snacks or ground into peanut butter which can be used as a spread on bread. In addition groundnut is an important oil crop, with uses in industrial oil extraction as well as soap making. The green plant stalk, haulms and shells make a good livestock feed 1. Being a leguminous crop, groundnuts can fix atmospheric nitrogen into available nitrogen for plant uptake in the soil, hence can be integrated in many cropping systems in the tropics 5. Above all, groundnut is an important cash crop that can be sold as shelled or unshelled to generate income, thereby improving the farmer¡¯s income 3. Highest groundnut producers in the world are China, India, USA and Nigeria 6 with Nigeria being the highest producer in Africa with an average yield of 1.720 t/ha 7. In Zimbabwe, groundnut is second after maize in terms of area coverage 6 mainly grown in
%U https://www.openaccesspub.org/jar/article/1249