%0 Journal Article
%T Reader-Response Theory and Dialogic Analysis of Gerald VizenorĄ¯s The Heirs of Columbus | Rashid | International Journal of English Linguistics | CCSE
%A Ali Kharal
%A Ghazala Rashid
%J Home | International Journal of English Linguistics | CCSE
%D 2019
%R 10.5539/ijel.v9n4p399
%X This article has employed the theory of BakhtinĄ¯s (1895¨C1975) dialogism, and Wolfgang IserĄ¯s (1926¨C2007) reader-response theory to examine the socio-political, and historical implications of Gerald VizenorĄ¯s The Heirs of Columbus. The Heirs of Columbus (Heirs) was written to dismantle the historical oppression of Native Americans (NA) throughout the post Columbian era. Dialogism is an umbrella term that creates difference between historical and Native American discourse, providing new passages to comprehend the marginalized silenced other; in other words, it helps create a voice for the vanishing Indian. We have systematically identified the use of dialogic techniques like subversion, carnival, polyphony and heteroglossia in Heirs while, at the same time, analyzing his text through the framework of IserĄ¯s reader-response theory. We have come to the conclusion that IserĄ¯s theory is not enough to analyze VizenorĄ¯s revolutionary text since Vizenor provokes his readers to draw their own conclusions rather than conforming to set of fixed ideals of author.
%U http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijel/article/view/0/40182