%0 Journal Article
%T Plasma Concentration of Butorphanol in Northern Royal Albatross Undergoing Fracture Repair
%A Brett Gartrell
%A Craig Johnson
%A Paul Chambers
%A Preet Singh
%J Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research | Veterinary Sciences Impact Factor Journals
%D 2018
%R 10.15226/2381-2907/4/2/00155
%X Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the plasma concentration of butorphanol injected intravenously at 4mg/kg dose in Northern Royal Albatross and compare the pharmacokinetic parameters with that of broiler chickens. Methods: The plasma concentration of butorphanol was analysed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental approach using standard equations in spreadsheet. Results: The half-life, volume of distribution, clearance, mean residence time were 94.4 minutes, 860.5 ml/kg, 6.31 ml/kg/min, and 146.4 minutes, respectively. The levels remained above the minimum effective concentration for mammals for about 4 hours. Conclusion: Though we have data from only one albatross for butorphanol kinetics, it confirms the chicken data: butorphanol does not last as long in birds as in mammals. This shows that dose regimes for mammals are unsuitable for injured wild birds, but we can use chickens as a model for other wild bird species. The levels remained above the minimum effective concentration for mammals Clinical Relevance: Butorphanol can provide good post operative analgesia in wild birds. The broiler chickens may be used as a model of drug research for wild birds, but further work is required to establish this fact
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