%0 Journal Article
%T The 24-Quadruplet Genetic Code: Merits Of The Projected Quadruplet Codons, From Combinatorial Perspective
%A W.B. Bozegha
%J International Journal of Genetic Science | High Impact Articles List
%D 2018
%R 10.15226/2377-4274/5/2/00126
%X Statement of the Problem: Triplet codons have held sway since 1954, when the 64-triplet genetic code emerged as the mathematical solution to the molecular biologists¡¯ quest for producing at least 20 code words from 4 nucleotide bases to account for their observation in 1953 that the sequence of the four bases in the nucleus of a cell influenced the sequence of the twenty amino acids of a protein in the surrounding cellular cytoplasm. The 64 triplet codons then formed the genetic code, derived from a sequence of the four bases. The genetic code is ridden with several irregularities which are only widely discussed in genetics literature without remedies, apart from bogus[a1] theories[a2], like the wobble phenomenon, frozen accident etc for their explanation. Methodology and theoretical orientation: Square kinematics scheme, a new technique for computing permutations of 4 from 4 by view mixing is presented in consideration of the fact that the problem of generating at least 20 code words from 4 bases is combinatorial, bordering on permutations of 4 from 4 i.e -4P 4 = 4!=4x3x2x1=24 quadruplets. Findings: 24-quadruplet codons, representing a 24-quadruplet genetic code sequence (structure) produced[a3].. Conclusion and significance: A 24-quadruplet genetic code free from irregularities produced from a sequence of the four nucleotide bases in response to the molecular biologists¡¯ quest of 1953 to raise a code to typify the observed relationship between the four nucleotide bases and the twenty amino acids of protein. The 24 quadruplets of this new genetic code structure represent the ¡®workforce¡¯ in protein synthesis, where 20 codons take charge of the placement of 20 amino acids in a sequence corresponding to theirs at one codon per amino acid, with four spare codons for four place/time based start/stop control signals. Recommendation: Experimental experts to take the challenge of spelling the new 24-quadruplet genetic code to render it fit for adoption [a4]. Keywords: Quadruplet Codons; Permutations; Four; Twenty; Twenty-Four
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