%0 Journal Article
%T A Simulator-Based Comparison of a Novel 3D and a Conventional 3D Vision System-Surgical Performance and Subjective Ratings
%A Annika Svenner
%A Ivan Shabo
%A M. Susan Hallbeck
%A Magnus Kjellman
%A Mikael Forsman
%A Xuelong Fan
%J Inventions | An Open Access Journal from MDPI
%D 2019
%R https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions4040058
%X In laparoscopy, novel three-dimensional laparoscopic vision systems (3D LVS) without glasses (3D£¿) have been invented. While standard 3D LVS with glasses (3D+) have shown advantages over original two-dimensional systems, quantitative comparisons of surgical performance between 3D£¿ and 3D+ systems are still lacking. The aim is to compare the systems in simulated robotic surgery tasks. In a crossover study, 18 medical students performed four basic laparoscopic tasks in the validated Simball Box simulator with authentic surgical instruments by using the 3D+ and 3D£¿ systems. Performance was measured by the number of errors and the task¡¯s duration. Subjective ratings of perceptions and preference were assessed after each test. There were significant, but still minor, advantages for the conventional 3D+ system regarding spatial orientation and sense of depth. Overall, ten and eight subjects preferred 3D+ and 3D£¿ systems, respectively. No significant differences were found in performance, post-operative physicals or eye symptoms. The novel 3D£¿ system was similar to the conventional 3D+ system regarding performance and overall preference, while there were minor advantages for the 3D+ system in the subjective ratings. Since the 3D£¿ system is a new invention, it should have a higher potential of usability improvements. View Full-Tex
%U https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5134/4/4/58