%0 Journal Article
%T Dinophysis Toxins: Distribution, Fate in Shellfish and Impacts
%A Beatriz Reguera
%A Juan Blanco
%J Archive of "Toxins".
%D 2019
%R 10.3390/toxins11070413
%X Several planktonic dinoflagellate species of the genus Dinophysis produce one or two groups of lipophilic toxins: (i) okadaic acid (OA) and its derivatives, the dinophysistoxins (DTXs), and (ii) pectenotoxins (PTXs) [1,2,3]. The OA and DTXs, known as diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, are acid polyethers that inhibit the protein phosphatase and have diarrheogenic effects in mammals [4,5]. The PTXs are polyether lactones, some of which are hepatotoxic to mice by intraperitoneal injection [6]. The toxicity of pectenotoxins has been questioned since they are not toxic when ingested orally [7]. Filter feeding bivalves retain toxic planktonic microalgae and other suspended matter, acting as vectors of the toxins through the food web. Bivalves contaminated with DTXs are a threat to public health. Shellfish resources exposed to DTXs and other toxic syndromes need to be monitored for early detection of the toxins and their causative agents and subjected to regulations aimed to protect public health
%U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6669726/