%0 Journal Article
%T Investigation of the Metabolic Profile and Toxigenic Variability of Fungal Species Occurring in Fermented Foods and Beverage from Nigeria and South Africa Using UPLC-MS/MS
%A Adewale Obadina
%A Ifeoluwa Adekoya
%A Kris Audenaert
%A Marthe De Boevre
%A Patrick Njobeh
%A Sarah De Saeger
%A Sheila Okoth
%A Sofie Landschoot
%J Archive of "Toxins".
%D 2019
%R 10.3390/toxins11020085
%X Fungal species recovered from fermented foods and beverage from Nigeria and South Africa were studied to establish their toxigenic potential in producing an array of secondary metabolites including mycotoxins (n = 49) that could compromise human and animal safety. In total, 385 fungal isolates were grown on solidified yeast extract sucrose agar. Their metabolites were extracted and analyzed via ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. To examine the grouping of isolates and co-occurrence of metabolites, hierarchal clustering and pairwise association analysis was performed. Of the 385 fungal strains tested, over 41% were toxigenic producing different mycotoxins. A. flavus and A. parasiticus strains were the principal producers of aflatoxin B1 (27¨C7406 ¦Ìg/kg). Aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid had a positive association. Ochratoxin A was produced by 67% of the A. niger strains in the range of 28¨C1302 ¦Ìg/kg. The sterigmatocystin producers found were A. versicolor (n = 12), A. amstelodami (n = 4), and A. sydowii (n = 6). Apart from P. chrysogenum, none of the Penicillium spp. produced roquefortine C. Amongst the Fusarium strains tested, F. verticillioides produced fumonisin B1 (range: 77¨C218 ¦Ìg/kg) meanwhile low levels of deoxynivalenol were observed. The production of multiple metabolites by single fungal species was also evident
%K toxigenicity
%K Aspergillus
%K mycotoxins
%K metabolites
%K UPLC-MS/MS
%K fermented foods
%U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6409632/