%0 Journal Article
%T ˇ°Mildˇ± COPD: What Spirometry Conceals!
%J Archive of "Tanaffos".
%D 2017
%X COPD is a common inflammatory disease of the airways, alveoli and microvasculature that is under-diagnosed in smokers at risk for the disease. The majority of COPD patients have mild airway obstruction. Symptomatic smokers with mild COPD are at higher risk for earlier mortality and poorer perceived quality of life than non-smokers. Moreover, dyspnoea and activity restriction are common among smokers with minor spirometric abnormalities. Tobacco-related inflammatory injury of the lungs manifests as heterogeneous physiological impairment with highly variable clinical expression. Thus, simple spirometry provides only a crude assessment of disease pathophysiology, especially in the early stages of the disease
%U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5684715/