%0 Journal Article
%T HBV and HIV/HBV Infected Patients Have Distinct Immune Exhaustion and Apoptotic Serum Biomarker Profiles
%J Archive of "Pathogens and Immunity".
%D 2019
%R 10.20411/pai.v4i1.267
%X Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Due to their shared routes of transmission, approximately 10% of HIV-infected patients worldwide are chronically coinfected with HBV. Additionally, liver disease has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HBV/HIV coinfected patients due to prolonged survival with the success of antiretroviral therapy. The relationship between immune exhaustion markers (PD-1/PD-L1) and apoptotic markers such as Fas/FasL, TGF¦Â1, TNF-¦Á, and Th1/Th2 cytokines are not clearly delineated in HBV/HIV coinfection
%K HBV
%K HIV
%K coinfection HBV/HIV
%K Immune exhaustion markers
%K sFas
%K PD-1
%K TNF-¦Á
%U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6388707/