%0 Journal Article
%T Cyanidin Increases the Expression of Mg2+ Transport Carriers Mediated by the Activation of PPAR¦Á in Colonic Epithelial MCE301 Cells
%A Akira Ikari
%A Aya Manabe
%A Yoshiaki Tabuchi
%A Yui Takashina
%J Archive of "Nutrients".
%D 2019
%R 10.3390/nu11030641
%X Mg2+ deficiency may be involved in lifestyle-related diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Dietary Mg2+ is absorbed in the intestine mediated through transcellular and paracellular pathways. However, there is little research into what factors upregulate Mg2+ absorption. We searched for food constituents that can increase the expression levels of Mg2+ transport carriers using mouse colonic epithelial MCE301 cells. Cyanidin, an anthocyanidin found in black beans and berries, increased the mRNA levels of Mg2+ transport carriers including transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6) channel and cyclin M4 (CNNM4). The cyanidin-induced elevation of Mg2+ transport carriers was blocked by GW6471, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ¦Á (PPAR¦Á) inhibitor, but not by PPAR¦Ã, PPAR¦Ä, and protein kinase A inhibitors. Cyanidin-3-glucoside showed similar results to cyanidin. Cyanidin increased the protein levels of TRPM6 and CNNM4, which were distributed in the apical and lateral membranes, respectively. The nuclear localization of PPAR¦Á and reporter activities of Mg2+ transport carriers were increased by cyanidin, which were inhibited by GW6471. The cyanidin-induced elevation of reporter activity was suppressed by a mutation in a PPAR-response element. Fluorescence measurements using KMG-20, an Mg2+ indicator, showed that Mg2+ influx and efflux from the cells were enhanced by cyanidin, and which were inhibited by GW6471. Furthermore, cyanidin increased paracellular Mg2+ flux without affecting transepithelial electrical resistance. We suggest that cyanidin increases intestinal Mg2+ absorption mediated by the elevation of TRPM6 and CNNM4 expression, and may constitute a phytochemical that can improve Mg2+ deficiency
%K CNNM4
%K cyanidin
%K Mg2+ deficiency
%K PPAR
%K TRPM6
%U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6471258/